QUITE A BURGER.
Burger King's plan to release a £85 burger made with Kobe beef and topped with fois gras is fascinating from a behavioral economics standpoint. As one analyst says, "The idea of a burger that no one buys is not as ludicrous as it seems. Burger King will use it to promote a gap in perception between it and McDonald’s. It could lead consumers to reassess the quality of the brand." In other words, no one will buy the burger, but the very fact that Burger King sells it will imply that they're a higher quality fast food company, and so their 99 cent burger is better than McDonald's 99 cent burger. Indeed, it's well known in behavioral economics that retailers will sometimes sometimes offer a useless, pricey product not because they think anyone will buy it, but because they think it will make their other offerings look better.
Which reminds me, I cover these and other topics in my review of Dan Ariely's Predictably Irrational, which went up the other day. The nut
Ariely's point goes far beyond our irrationality -- it is the predictability of our processing flaws that interests him. It isn't that we sometimes make the wrong decision, but that we make it repeatedly, and in the same way, as a response to certain conditions and mental processes. Early on in the book, Ariely tells us about Gregg Rapp, a restaurant consultant who helps establishments figure out their menu pricing. "One thing Rapp has learned," writes Ariely, "is that high-priced entrees on the menu boost revenues for the restaurant -- even if no one buys them. Why? Because even though people generally won't buy the most expensive dish on the menu, they will order the second most expensive dish. Thus, by creating an expensive dish, a restaurateur can lure customers into ordering the second most expensive dish (which can be cleverly engineered to deliver a high profit margin)."The implication here is that our irrationality is not only predictable, it's actually being predicted. Restaurants know that we anchor our frugality by deciding the priciest item on the menu is too expensive. Electronic stores know that we're likely to go for the marked-down television whose price places it in the middle of the pack. Magazines know we'll go for whichever subscription rate looks like the best deal as compared to the other subscription rates on the page. The problem, then, is not our predictable irrationality, but the world's asymmetric rationality. They know how we're going to screw up, and how to take advantage of it. The only defense is being similarly aware of our flaws and failings, and trying to take into account not only how they affect our judgment, but how they're being used against us.
Read the rest here.
Feeds: 


COMMENTS (24)
Actually, this will probably backfire on Burger King. This super-premium burger will make the rest of the greasy crap they sell look even more disgusting.
And if anyone wanted a Kobe beef burger, would they order it from Burger King, where it would be handled and prepared by minimum wage lackeys who probably don't even know where Kobe is.
Posted by: CParis | April 29, 2008 5:36 PM
Timely post...I just started reading Ariely's book. I would be curious as to whether any of this has been/will be incorporated into Intro to Eocn course in HS and college.
Posted by: Ronnie Pudding | April 29, 2008 5:40 PM
But will BK put tomatoes on their new burger? The battles over tomato picker pay in Florida is just beginning in Congress
Posted by: BillCinSD | April 29, 2008 5:47 PM
I always suspected that this same effect was why MacDonalds et al offered salads. Not that anyone would want to buy a salad from MacDonalds, no. But because the idea that MacDonalds was healthy enough to serve salads suggested the rest of the food on the menu wasn't as artery-clogging as people previously thought.
Problems with this is that the salads turned out to be as artery-clogging as anything. And I hear people actually ate that stuff! Hooray!
Brendan Mackie,
Busan, South Korea
(PS -- I got the right post this time!)
Posted by: Brendan Mackie | April 29, 2008 6:08 PM
Yuck. Even though their usual burger is a pale comparison to what I turn out on the grill, I actually like grilled burgers a lot (despite their carcinogenic properties). A fois gras burger? Um, no.
Posted by: idlemind | April 29, 2008 6:59 PM
Brendan,
The salads are for the mothers, kids eat happy meals and moms eat salads
Posted by: Eric k | April 29, 2008 7:07 PM
It isn't that we sometimes make the wrong decision, but that we make it repeatedly, and in the same way, as a response to certain conditions and mental processes.
Nu? How come evolution didn't eliminate people who had a tendancy to make these wrong decisions as preditors would have evolved to depend on this predictibility?
Perhaps the answer is that the Econs 101, Bayesian Utilitarian definition of rationality actually ain't so rational either? Maybe it's somehow rational to be as "irrational" as we humans are?
Posted by: DAS | April 29, 2008 7:25 PM
Really, this is just absurd. Burger King does have better burgers. Everyone I know thinks that. People like McDonalds because it's cheaper . This is an idiot move because it reinforces peoples negative views of the brand.
Seriously, any time me and my friends are out and we're going to stop at one of these places, it comes down to how much money each person has on them. If we all have enough to eat at Burger King, thats where we go. If we don't, we usually go to McDonalds and load up on dollar menu crap.
Posted by: Soullite | April 29, 2008 8:31 PM
85? Really? Even at a pretty good Steakhouse you can get a Kobe Burger for like 30 USD. And thats Japanese Kobe, bot the American Kobe. That seems way over priced even considering the novelty aspect.
Posted by: brent | April 29, 2008 8:52 PM
This perceptual slight-of-hand may hold true if everything else on their menu weren't less expensive than the Kobe Burger by more than an order of magnitude.
Posted by: Anthony Damiani | April 29, 2008 9:20 PM
Ugh, I don't think you understand what irrational is.
Often people don't act optimally in the absence of perfect information. That doesn't mean they acting irrationally.
All of economics has always told us this. This isn't an example of behavioral economics.
Posted by: Jar Jar Binks | April 29, 2008 9:42 PM
Rex Stout covered something very close to this in fiction in 1938! "Some Buried Caesar," a Nero Wolfe novel, featured "Tom Pratt of the famous pratterias" (a fast-food chain) paying ridiculous money ($45,000) for a pure-bred Guernsey bull to be barbecued for a party: "For weeks and months every customer that eats a roast beef sandwich in a pratteria will have a sneaking unconscious feeling that that he's chewing a piece of Hickory Caesar Grindon [the bull]! That's what I mean by psychology." Seventy years ago!
Posted by: pete | April 29, 2008 10:54 PM
They have a burger joint in LV btwn Mandalay and Luxor that has the kobe burger on the menu. It makes the other overpriced burgers downright reasonable in comparison. Though I must say they are decent burgers.
I think it's interesting. Certain things you buy blind - like a piece of furniture. You have no idea what it really costs except in relation to another piece of furniture close by. So there's three chairs. You take the middle priced one. That might be the one the merchant wants you to take...cause they make more profit on it than either the cheap one or the expensive one.
Posted by: Anonymous | April 29, 2008 10:58 PM
They have a burger joint in LV btwn Mandalay and Luxor that has the kobe burger on the menu.
You might be thinking of Strip Steak, which is actually a pretty expensive Steak House, and that was the Kobe Burger I was thinking of in my earlier comment. Its ~30 USD.
Posted by: brent | April 29, 2008 11:18 PM
Here's a link for the tomato picker issue raised in the comment above: http://ciw-online.org/
It makes this post all the more timely and depressing. Please do sign the CIW's petition if you check out their website -- they do terrific work.
Posted by: more info | April 30, 2008 12:08 AM
The Burger Bar at Luxor
Posted by: Thlayli | April 30, 2008 5:04 AM
"How come evolution didn't eliminate people who had a tendancy to make these wrong decisions as preditors would have evolved to depend on this predictibility?"
Evolution is not a mechanism by which life magically becomes better and better with each passing year.
Evolution is a mechanism by which the traits most conducive to survival and further breeding are passed on through generations. It's not about quality of life. It's about simply surviving and breeding.
Posted by: Jeremy | April 30, 2008 7:49 AM
Ariely's book was very interesting, although I thought some sections missed the convenience factor of pricing. (If a piece of candy is free, I don't need to dig in my pockets for the penny, etc.)
But even based on his ideas, I think Burger King is overreaching here. This isn't making it look like they have luxury burgers so much as that they're snooty and ridiculous. Fois gras?
Posted by: Magenta | April 30, 2008 7:49 AM
Ezra, that story is from the Sun. The Sun has marginally less credibility than a joint op-ed by Bill Kristol and Doug Feith. The chances of it being true are about the same as the earth being destroyed by the Large Hadron Collider. Also, the idea of anyone who lives in Kensington and Chelsea and could afford a Kobe burger eating one at Burger King is hilarious. London's two poshest Japanese restaurants are in that part of town. Why go to Burger King when you could go to Nobu or Zuma and get much better beef for the same money?
Posted by: Ginger Yellow | April 30, 2008 9:14 AM
It kind of reminds me of former Gov. Spitzer dropping the equivelant of a down payment on a house on escorts. It ain't about the quality or service you get; it's about paying over $100 for a burger.
BTW There's a hot dog place in Adams Morgan that sells $20 hot dogs made of Kobe beef. Not quite 85 pounds mind you, but spending more than $2 on a hot dog is pretty outrageous.
Posted by: am | April 30, 2008 9:26 AM
It kind of reminds me of former Gov. Spitzer dropping the equivelant of a down payment on a house on escorts. It ain't about the quality or service you get
It's about paying to make sure that the burger leaves, afterwards? I guess it has a lot of fiber.
Posted by: Anonymous | April 30, 2008 9:52 AM
LoL, and Anonymous called me sexist...
Posted by: Soullite | April 30, 2008 10:13 AM
I boycott any restaurant that serves foi gras, so they just lost them a potential BK Veggie consumer.
Posted by: Stef | April 30, 2008 3:29 PM
I'm not sure it's useful to think of BK and the type of restaurants that actually serve expensive entrees as similar. The economics and consumer psychology of mass brands, luxury good and mid-range goods can be quite different on issues like this. As someone earlier pointed out, why would you buy a Kobe beef and foie gras burger from BK of all places? The teenagers working there would probably fuck it up. As it is in London, that won't be the only place one can buy Kobe beef and you can get better-prepared Kobe for much cheaper prices. This would make some sense in a place where there were no alternatives for Kobe, there is a huge potential market for Kobe and people are willing to pay such outrageous prices for it.
It should also be pointed out that Baltimore, where the Sun is located, has a lot of fast food places where the counter is behind bullet-proof glass (at least some of the ones I've seen), so I doubt this will really help matters.
Posted by: Reality Man | May 1, 2008 8:18 AM