THE QUEEN RANIA FACTOR. I was in Whole Foods the other day, like a good out-of-touch elitist, shopping for cheese, and at the checkout stand I saw a glamour shot of Queen Rania of Jordan on the cover of Washington Life magazine. I have to say that I've long been bugged by Western elites' fascination with this particular queen. Here she is hanging out with Bill Clinton, Bill Gates, and George Soros. And here she is with Laura Bush. Here she's written up in Hello magazine. She's a bipartisanly loved celebrity -- everyone thinks she's great! And she certainly is good looking and appears to be involved in some worthwhile charitable endeavors.
But here's the thing.
As you'll recall, pretty much everyone nowadays is in some sense interested in promoting democratic reform in the Arab world. And Queen Rania isn't a fun cosmetic constitutional monarch like you have in England or Spain. She and her husband are actually existing despots who make their living exploiting the productive members of Jordan's population, and maintain their control over the country and its resources through the use of coercive violence and other standard means of repression. Take a look at the State Department's Human Rights report on Jordan. It's far from the worst dictatorship on the planet, but it's a real and true dictatorship -- "Citizens may participate in the political system through their elected representatives in parliament; however, the king may at his discretion appoint and dismiss the prime minister, cabinet, and upper house of parliament; dissolve parliament; and establish public policy." You can be arrested for criticizing the royal family, and the freedom of association is severely restricted. This is done because if it wasn't, Rania and her husband would lose access to their lavish globe-trotting lifestyle and possibly even their invitations to fun parties.
I'm not saying we should invade Jordan, but can we at least stop pretending that Rania and her husband are brave allies in some noble quest to bring freedom to the Middle East. They could create the world's first functioning Arab democracy tomorrow if they wanted to by stepping back and handing authority over to the Jordanian people's elected representatives. But they don't want to. They'd rather stay in charge. And so Jordan has no democracy. And they deserve to be talked about accordingly -- no doubt if her title were "the dictator's wife" rather than "queen," people would find the situation less glamorous and appealing. But what's the difference? Certainly the mutual affection between American and Jordanian political elites isn't generating any great affection for the United States among the average Jordanian.
--Matthew Yglesias
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COMMENTS (31)
But Matt, look how pretty and ANGLICIZED she is! So systematic human rights violations are therefore OK.
Now, if she were to commit an unforgiveable offense, such as not matching her shoes with her handbag, well then...time to nuke Amman!
Posted by: scott | June 14, 2006 12:41 PM
Excellent points, all.
I think what helps people like Rania is that Jordan has always been one of the few Arab nations fairly friendly with the US (unlike, say, Syria) and has not been perceived to be as repressive as, say, Saudi Arabia. If it were Queen Rania of Syria, or Queen Rania or Saudi Arabia, she wouldn't be perceived the same way, regardless of how well-spoken or well-dressed she is. And people still don't expect Arab states to transition to democracy in the way they think other states should.
Posted by: Al | June 14, 2006 12:52 PM
Monarchy is democratic.
Posted by: King George | June 14, 2006 1:31 PM
I think another reason that Jordan tends to get a pass is that their last queen was American-born and Ivy-educated. Americans love us some transplanted royalty, even as we officially reject the institution.
Posted by: latts | June 14, 2006 1:37 PM
Seriously, I think you are under estimating the appeal of a HOT QUEEN.
Posted by: MNPundit | June 14, 2006 2:00 PM
Does the Jordanian parliament have the power of the purse? If so, it's not a dictatorship. Was King William IV a dictator? He had the right to appoint the prime minister and cabinet; to pack the House of Lords however he liked by creating new peers, and to dissolve parliament at will.
And yet, we don't generally consider early 19th century England to be a dictatorship. Obviously, it doesn't live up to current standards of democracy, but it's not really a dictatorship, either. Governmentally, at least, it sounds to be a constitutional monarchy in the 19th century sense - there's an elected legislature, but the executive is still controlled by an unelected monarch.
There really aren't too many other examples of this kind of system in the modern world. Other middle eastern monarchies - Morocco, Kuwait, Bahrain, and Qatar seem to fit, but it's pretty much completely obsolete in the western world, although it was still fairly common as recently as the interwar period.
There's also the problem of the basic illiberality of Jordanian society, but it seems to me that this is really a separate issue, and cuts both ways in terms of Jordan's royal family. The illiberality means that the regime is relatively brutal and unpleasant compared to western standards. But it also means that a democratically-elected government would also be brutal and unpleasant by western standards. It would also be unfriendly to us (presumably it would be Islamist), and wouldn't have a glamorous monarchy.
Plus, Rania is really hot.
And, really, is there anywhere in the Arab world that's much better than "secular despotism that isn't that oppressive?" I suppose Lebanon's "sectarian pseudo-democracy" might qualify, but it seems like kind of a toss-up.
Posted by: John | June 14, 2006 2:01 PM
There are two countries in the entire world that still have a family name as the name of the nation: Saudi Arabia and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Posted by: Treetop | June 14, 2006 2:21 PM
A remarkably naive post. Haven't you learned anything at all from the failure of your grand plan to create a democracy in Iraq? Iraq used to have a King too. Strangely enough when they got rid of him they didn't end up with a functional democracy. What makes you think Jordan would be any different?
Posted by: James B. Shearer | June 14, 2006 2:23 PM
I agree with John, above, and would like to add that right now, we need all the allies we can get in the Middle East. Nobody's pretending here: Jordan really is our ally, and we need them.
Please, let us encourage Jordan to improve its human rights record and even encourage democratic reform. But it would be irresponsible for our leaders to give a cold shoulder to a strong ally in the Middle East, or for them to advocate for the sudden rise of a democracy without seriously considering the consequences.
Posted by: Robert Cantoni | June 14, 2006 2:50 PM
Please, let us encourage Jordan to improve its human rights record and even encourage democratic reform. But it would be irresponsible for our leaders to give a cold shoulder to a strong ally in the Middle East, or for them to advocate for the sudden rise of a democracy without seriously considering the consequences.
This is the alternative to the Iraq war that might really have helped in the Middle East. After 9/11 we should have gone into Afghanistan, but instead of getting sidetracked by Saddam we should have completed the job by finding Osama and dumping some of those wasted dollars spent smashing Iraq on rebuilding that poor country. Then the next step would have been to turn our full attention to the Israel/Palestinian problem using all the extra cash we would have had to really drive those two parties to settle their dispute. Finally, with the left over billions still floating around, we could have worked on countries like Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon to gradually open up and democratize. Given the trillions spent on Iraq we would still have come out ahead and have a functioning Army and Marine Corps to help find terrorists.
Posted by: Col Bat Guano | June 14, 2006 3:00 PM
Matt raises some very good points, but the problem exists only if you think that America is supposed to be promoting democracy in the world.
What we really want are regimes that are friendly. That's all.
Posted by: JJF | June 14, 2006 7:14 PM
"What we really want are regimes that are friendly. That's all."
Yes, how's that working out for you, anyway?
Posted by: ajay | June 15, 2006 7:31 AM
"What we really want are regimes that are friendly. That's all."
Yes, how's that working out for you, anyway?
Well, just because that's been the goal of American foreign policy for decades doesn't mean this current pack of clowns is any good at it. The Reagan-worshippers should have deserted this administration a long time ago; when President Reagan supported death squads or repressive Middle Eastern regimes, he at least did it well.
And John, King William IV might have technically retained the power to dissolve Parliament at will, but in practice would never have been able to do so. Only if a government could not be formed could the monarch call for new elections. Nor could King William do this: "King ABDALLAH delayed the 2001 elections until 2003." King Abdallah also has frequently governed by decree rather than through Parliament. He has also unilaterally announced a plan to devolve decision-making and spending upon regional governments, again bypassing the parliament. Think of it as federalism, only with the states' budgets provided by a President-for-life. So remember: it's not a constitutional monarchy when the monarch can ignore the rest of the government at will. Hmm, there might be a cautionary tale for the US in that.
Posted by: mds | June 15, 2006 8:53 AM
Frango Regna
Posted by: Sarcastro | June 15, 2006 10:01 AM
mds, yeah, because we have an "imperial" President, right? A monarch, right? Sheesh!
Posted by: Specialist | June 15, 2006 10:59 AM
mds, yeah, because we have an "imperial" President, right? A monarch, right? Sheesh!
Well, my attempted refutation of parallels between Jordan and 19th century British constitutional monarchy itself stands refuted. I bow to your superior erudition.
Posted by: mds | June 15, 2006 12:35 PM
First of all thank you for your interest in Jordan and its wellbeing.
Secondly with respect to all of you above Jordan is not a dictatorship, we may not be as the UK or USD in our governing system, but one thing I’m sure of is that we are not a dictatorship. Yes certain powers reside with the king, but that does not mean that the parliament is with no powers. No law can pass without the approval of the parliament, even laws that were passed when the parliament was out of session the parliament can revoke or change such laws, so the comment that the king bypass everyone at well is a fouls accusation.
And frankly in many cases his majesty and members of the royal family are more progressive than the parliament, such case was the demand to change laws regarding domestic violence, some members of the royal family even participated in protests demanding change, the queen used her leverage to push forward a new law, but at the end the parliament was the one who revoked it.
And I only want to remind all of you of the time that the US and Europe took to reach this point, and the hardships that you passed to reach the point where you are now. What I’m saying is that we need time to realize that, we need time to grow as a nation (Jordan is only 60 years old), we need time to find our way, we need time to define what we want, and we are going through this process, there is a continues debate regarding the election and Political parties laws, political parties are seeking for the government to be formed based on majorities in the parliament, the king him self welcomed the idea. The king proposed a plan to divide Jordan into regions with elected counsels for each region to decentralize decision making. All of these points are sings of a healthy nation that’s finding its way.
We have our work cut for us, and we know it.
All I’m saying is that we need time, change need time
Posted by: Jordanian | June 22, 2006 4:37 AM
But Matt, look how pretty and ANGLICIZED she is! So systematic human rights violations are therefore OK. I disagree go to http://www.apartments.waw.pl/
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